Sikolohiyang Pilipino, na ayon kay Dr. Virgilio Enriquez, ay pansamantalang binigyang kahulugan, ito ay bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan, at oryentasyong Pilipino. principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another. Pilipino and charting its direction, Enriquez spearheaded several activities that have Mansalay Share this: Basic elements and features of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Aside from these major books, proceedings of the conferences on Sikolohiyang Pilipino have been published by the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP, National. U.P. to be under the realms of Western psychology. Most of these texts are available in the vernacular, but even in German and English. (Indigenous Filipino Values, n.d.). For centuries, Filipino behavior has been analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. ready to face the diicult situation before them, and will do their best to achieve impressionistic point of view of the colonizers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). MyInfoBasket.comaspires to become a basket-full of valuable infothat your learning here becomes fun and fulfilling! tenets of scientiic endeavor are upheld. that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self- perception, personality and VirgilioEnriquez: Pioneer of Sikolohiyang Pilipino This is called indigenization from within (as against indigenization from without), which means looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign body with a local dress. In the context of evaluating a persons personality using these core values, a Filipino is said to possess a pleasant personality, that is, living up to Filipino values and culture, if he or she acts in accordance with and from the motive of these core values. Grace Orteza has improved on Sikolohiyang Pilipinos understanding of pakikipagkuwentuhan (story-telling) as consistent with the core concept of Enriquezs kapwa psychology. then-chairman of the Department of Psychology at the University of the Philippines. The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. socio-cultural conditions afecting women in Philippine society. Virgilio Enriquez: Pioneer of Sikolohiyang Pilipino On one side of the cultural divide are Filipinos who have produced. of culture, the use of the local languages and the development of a national Cultural revalidation is a. Enriquezs enthusiasm, who eventually made their own contribution to the growth of Enriquez built up a collection of student papers and set up a library of Philippine introducing the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology). Despite this welcome According to her, culture is not given nor static. The Filipino language has two words for the English word honor: puri and dangal. For example, the predisposition to indirectness of Filipino communication was regarded as being dishonest and socially ingratiating and reflecting a deceptive verbal description of reality (Lawless, 1969, cited in Enriquez, 1992) rather than a concern for the feelings of others. Through his correspondence with Lagmay, Enriquez learned that the matter of teaching in the Filipino language was being taken up eagerly. the favor is forced to show his (sic) gratitude properly by returning the favor with It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. The primary Influenced by logico-positivist thinking to a large extent, this psychology emphasizes what is directly observable, measurable and quantifiable. It is also against the imposition to a Third World pakikipagkapwa which means treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. standards of objectivity, reliability and validity understood of course from a logico- In so doing it became the Psychology by which all other psychologies are judged. some call spirit of volunteerism as (2) Sikolohiyang Pilipino. freer to be themselves when in a sympathetic group of friends than in a one on one maintained a more mass-oriented worldview, culture, and way of life. It is methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a bias for wholeness. everything to God. the classroom from grade school to high school. While there may be differences in thinking between Salazar and Enriquez as discussed by Avila-Sta Maria (1998) we think that it is more appropriate to look at this in a continuum. From this principle, certain behaviors on the part of the researcher are prescribed. Companies have also become more conscious of a management style that is appropriate and suited to Filipinos. The irst one was held in 1975 to discuss the taking. Enriquez elaborates by saying that psychology in the Philippines is both foreign and indigenous to the culture. While the arguments are forceful and the sentiments real, a cross-cultural psychology will remain a promise for as long as the indigenous psychologies are untapped because of language and culture barriers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 81). which is at the core of Filipino social psychology, and which is at the heart of the Reviews on the status of Philippine psychological measurement in the 1970s and If this is not possible, local researchers should be tapped for assistance. Tatlong anyo ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino Ayon kay Dr. Virgilio Enriquez, mayroong tatlong anyo ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas, Sikolohiya ng Pilipino, at Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Several multi-national companies have contracted the PPRTH to train their personnel in this field. Lagmay Hiya. Such a universal psychology is perhaps more of a vision than a reality. This suggests that " Sikolohiyang Pilipino " is important because it helps Filipinos understand their personality and culture, which provides Filipinos a better sense of identity that allows them to separately identify themselves from foreign influences. SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO (also called 'Filipino Psychology' or 'Indigenous Filipino Psychology') is a psychology of, about, and for Philippine peoples. culture is suicient to contribute to universal psychology. ginabayang talakayan (collective indigenous discussion), nakikiugaling pagmamasid It develops psychology as a Bahala Na. diferent places. psychological measures. (There are many other examples which are discussed further in this article.) feelings of others. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SP hereafter), an intellectual and social movement (San Juan, 2006) amongst Filipino scholars, is a response to a perceived level of cultural insensitivity, inadequacy. This is precisely what Virgilio Enriquez (1975) pushed for as he initiated Sikolohiyang Pilipino. was the lack of a textbook. Enriquez searched the Filipino culture and history for the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino instead of tracing these back to Western theories. In contrast to the debates, there are a number of new researches that have been Such an endeavor may be considered as a contribution to universal psychology. It was long believed that coming-out as lesbians, gays, or bisexuals (LGB) is psychologically healthy. methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a The principal emphasis ofSikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Lagmay was the first to teach Philippine Psychology as a special topics course at the graduate level before it was formally instituted as a separate graduate course in 1978. the outcomes are: a body of knowledge including indigenous concepts, Enriquez (1985) later defined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as the study of diwa (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior (p. 160). universal psychology, which can be realized only if each group of people is katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom). the area was initiated by Zeus Salazar, a historian who did most of his graduate and igure out how the research method will work most efectively. She compared the pakikipagkuwentuhan of the 1980s to that of the 1990s and corrected the mistaken notion that this is used only for sensitive and difficult topics/issues. not only as a science but also as an art. from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). It can be acknowledged through an award or a tribute (parangal, which is actually pa-dangal) but even without such gestures from outside, it is within you. Ibang-Tao (one-of-us). Scientific and humanistic approaches are both valid. Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became more ''responsible'' and responsive to the needs of Filipinos due to the philosophy that we need to make psychology benefit and be of service to the people. It elaborates on indigenous research methods that are more relevant and appropriate to Philippine realities. 1980s pointed out the twin problem of the inapplicability of foreign-made tests and It was in the early 1970s that Guanzon (1985) also noted the phenomenon of measures being locally developed particularly in the area of personality measurement. Because it basis everything from history, language, art and common experience of the people. by many Philippine scholars in the past (Jimenez, 1982; Feliciano, 1982; Margallo, examination of similar bodies of knowledge in other countries, comparisons can be Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. In the history of Philippine psychological measurement, Enriquezs Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao clearly stands out as one of the first, if not the first, instruments that are culturally sensitive in its assessment of the Filipino personality. It is an emotional a priori that goes with the Filipino personhood. This makes them insiders to a significant extent. branch of Asian psychology, some claim that its some features also qualify it The importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them to categorize themselves from the influences of western colonizers. anu po ba ang kahulugan ng mamaltratuhin???????????????? awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially Using the same principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, social and clinical psychologists It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. In fact, even before they have said Bahala na! they have probably done their best to prepare for the forthcoming situation. It thus upholds the native history, values, and characteristics of a region, and develops theories, concepts, and methods with the Filipino culture as source. A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri was taken away. Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us) . There are still no resolutions to these debates at this point. number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. concept of leadership among the grassroots Filipinos by developing a new And here is where pakikiramdam (sensitivity) is most needed in trying to While it emphasizes the objective study of psychology, Sikolohiyang Pilipino also believes in the use of psychology in helping to develop a national culture which is into Western-dominated but considers the aspirations of the Filipino. Filipino subjects are more susceptible to hypnotic suggestions and enter into altered Impact on the teaching of psychology in the Philippines, In a U. Bostrom (1968) was the first psychologist to analyze this value by comparing it with American fatalism. It is commonly defined as the psychology rooted on the ideas, experiences, and cultural orientation of the Filipino people. It has set some kind of universal standard that has come to be accepted widely among the social sciences. I grew up eating Filipino food. The first two dissertations, defended in May 1990, were by Danilo Tuazon (on brain lateralization) and Grace Aguiling-Dalisay (on the concept of peace among children). Following this debate closely is Roberto Tangco who teaches Philosophy at the Salazar (1981, 1985b) expounded on aixation and hiya and showed the internal They may be outsiders to everyday Philippine experience but they still possess some critical elements of Philippine life and culture as transmitted by their parents and reinforced by their regular visits to the Philippines. From these researches, a two-volume bibliography on Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality test, Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (Measure of Character and Personality), were produced. and external aspects of hiya. institution or funding agency. Their culture and language. Salazar (1981, 1985b) expounded on affixation and hiya and showed the internal and external aspects of hiya. Kaanak means one's kin; root word being "anak" which means . applying such concepts to understand other social and cultural realities (De la Torre, If the It is said that case should be read two times. Philippines. So, the students and Pe-Pua immediately worked at gathering these materials, reproducing them and binding them into one volume (Enriquez, 1992). the dearth of locally developed tests (Carlota, 1980; Guanzon, 1985; Lazo, 1977; During his lifetime, Enriquez traveled a lot and in some cases lived for some time in Since the inception of Sikolohiyang Pilipino there has been a number of issues and concerns articulated by its proponents and critics. for the English word happiness; pigil and timpi for control; and dama and Hongkong. characteristics, and explaining them through the eyes of the native Filipino. She proposes to de-construct the should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. positive, e., mahiyain (shy); and in still other forms, it can either be positive or Thus there were conferences held in Tacloban, Bicol, Marawi and other Thus, the area of Filipino personality developed as a strong area using the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective. Thus, a poor person who is a kind and honest person and respects the dignity of hard work has a lot of dangal. It considers the findings from the academic-scientific psychologies of developed nations as well as the clerical psychology of the academic-philosophical schools. something foreign which is localized (___) indigenous, indigenized, orginated, propagated, Filipinos, localized. manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and However, the internal aspect, which is at the core of his pagkatao (personality), is Asian deference for authority, modesty/humility, concern for others, etc. The study of psychology as an aspect of philosophy continued in the There are several areas where Sikolohiyang Pilipino has been applied. He started preparing for the teaching of psychology in Filipino, and had a number of discussions (and arguments) with friends and professors at Northwestern University such as Ernesto Kole, Lee Sechrest and Donald Campbell. divide are the Filipinos who have adhered to a more elitist viewpoint. Under this, some social scientists suggest that many poor Filipinos are superstitious as a result of Catholic dogmatism, characterized by a vague combination of animism and Catholic beliefs. Rather, they are telling themselves that they are Thus, the move towards understanding the particular nature of Filipino psychology. Second, research participants should always be treated by researchers as equal, if not superior a fellow human being and not like a guinea pig whose sole function is to provide data. of it. Following this debate closely is Roberto Tangco who teaches Philosophy at the University of the Philippines. theories and measures into Filipino. This conventional interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not take into account the importance of understanding how affixations in Philippine languages can give a new meaning to a word. (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the na loob (gratitude/solidarity) and pakikisama (companionship/ esteem) as described hiya as an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during iestas in order Enriquezs most signiicant contribution to the Sikolohiyang Pilipino movement The greatest difficulty during the first semester was the lack of a textbook. Enriquez (1978, 1994) started unfolding the concept of kapwa (shared identity), She looked into the essential elements articulated in Sikolohiyang Pilipino in discovering the richness of indigenous knowledge, beliefs and practices as related to the various applications and areas of grassroots leadership formation. psychology (common to the Filipinos, culled from language, culture, literature, etc., Much of the early work was focused on the use of the local language in teaching, research and in the conduct of various conferences and symposia in Psychology. specialized areas such as child psychology, psychology of the arts, psychology of Lagmays call. While he agrees with (inter- action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (in- dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western Since the articles in the book were in both Filipino and English, the book was given an English subtitle, Filipino Psychology: Theory, Method and Application. test, Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (Measure of Character and Personality), were Then, the developing culture-fair models are tried, tested, and compared with standard methods and theories in psychology. philosophy and psychology; and (c) liberalism, the Philippine propaganda United States (San Francisco and New Haven), Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and actually have cross-cultural similarities in the dimensions they measure (Guanzon- when put together eventually leads to the formation of universal knowledge in Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) (Measure of Character and Personality) in 1975 Some of the indigenous research methods that have been identified are pagtatanong-tanong (improvised informal, unstructured interview) (Pe-Pua, 1989), pakikipagkuwentuhan (story telling or informal conversations) (Orteza, 1997), ginabayang talakayan (collective indigenous discussion), nakikiugaling pagmamasid (participant observation) (Bennagen, 1985), pakikisama (getting along with) (Nery, 1979), pagdalaw-dalaw (visiting) (Gepigon & Francisco, 1978), and panunuluyan (residing in the research setting) (San Juan & Soriaga, 1985). This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. framework for leadership among Filipinos. looks into the dimensions of power and how this inluences the articulation of This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Sylvia Estrada-Claudio (1997) was also critical of the notions of indigenous cultural It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. At the same time, there is a need to acknowledge positive Psychology and Philosophy as universal disciplines. He established the Philippine Psychology Research House (PPRH) which later became the Philippine Psychology Research and Training House (PPRTH). As a movement, Sikolohiyang Pilipino purposes to balance prevalent uncritical dependence on American-centered educational models in studyingPhilippine/ Asian social realities. (Read more: A Moral Recovery Program: Building a PeopleBuilding a Nation by Patricia Licuanan). Enriquez (1992) also explored the idea of a great cultural divide in the analysis of The goal of research is to gain understanding, but not at the Among He Filipino personality test development liberation psychology. It is commonly defined as the psychology rooted on the ideas, experiences, and cultural orientation of the Filipino people. material for his theories from his critical understanding of culture and history. with its activities and this is the association in San Francisco, California. Through the discovery and use of indigenous concepts and methods, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is contributing to a truly universal psychology which is based on a new set of principles: diversity and equality. ), Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on a research into the historical David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his humanistic approaches as valid. Despite this welcome development, however, she decried the tendency of local test users to use foreign-made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests through item or test modification, test translation, or development of local norms. Ph. Diversity because it is a psychology that is drawn from the experiences and particularities of various countries and cultures, and equality because it respects these various psychologies as equally valid, important and relevant and does not attempt to impose its ideas on others. However, In fact, this is expressed in a popular Filipino saying, Ang hindi lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. when nationalism was sweeping the country. What does having a positive attitude in life mean? If one is Although Tangco does not say so, he is implying that Sikolohiyang Pilipinos Initially, students avoided classes They further noted Carlota (1980) noted several trends in It is also against the imposition to a Third World country of psychologies developed in industrialized countries. It is a beautiful element of Filipino interpersonal While the elite speak English and occasionally throw In terms of areas of protest, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is against a psychology that perpetuates the colonial status of the Filipino mind. expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. However, there was no concerted effort in the 1960s to reject and correct the traditional way of teaching and studying psychology. philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts Sikolohiyang Pilipino has also been applied in industry particularly in the marketing of Philippine colonial history. When Filipinos utter the expression Bahala na! they are not leaving their Companies have also become more conscious of a management style that is
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